Personal Narrative Story In My Life - 968 Words

It was an incredibly normal summer day. The sunlight on my skin was a euphoric distraction from the everyday stress of my life, the sound of the waves coming off Norway Lake a rhythm that nearly had me sleeping. The sand stinging my back and legs was a cruel reminder that the nirvana I was experiencing only came from forgetting what was really going on around me. My best friend Justin was going to be showing up soon. I had to work later that night, and my mother had a court date early in the morning the next day, so I knew that I’d have to wake up early to make breakfast for my family and help my mom get paperwork together. While drying my hair from a cool and refreshing shower at my cousin’s house, my phone began to ring. I threw my towel†¦show more content†¦When we showed up, I was faced with nothing other than pitying looks and whispers about how he was going to be fine. The only peace I found was when Justin’s older brother Cody texted me. He wanted to make sure that I was okay and that I knew what was going on. He told me that Justin would be flown to Milwaukee, due to a ruptured spleen and deflated lung. The doctors said he was okay for now, but they were going to make sure nothing else went wrong. I don’t remember anything else from that day, because after receiving those messages, nothing else served any significance to me. I know that I didn’t sleep that night. The next day I had plans to go shopping in Green Bay with my auntie, two of my cousins, and my friend Briana. My auntie said we could stop at the hospital to visit Justin. The entire ride to Milwaukee was quiet, and I wanted to plan what I would say when I walked into that hospital room, but I couldn’t come up with anything. I was a mess. I had only had about three hours of sleep in the last 48 hours. My hair was a mess, I hadn’t given myself time to do my makeup, and my skin was severely burnt from laying on the beach. I wasn’t worried about any of that, though. I was only worried about my best friend. When we showed up to the hospital, Briana and I almost ran to the elevator and down the hallways, but both came to a slow walk as we approachedShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Life Story1043 Words   |  5 PagesMy love story is full of feelings of sweetness, bitterness, sourness, and saltiness, but, in my mind, memories of the day that my husband left me alone in Viet Nam still engraved in my mind. The fear of losing someone I have treasured created a storm in my chest. Struggling with many obstacles, choosing in many options, preparing for a new future lead my life to my situation at this time. I also made a storm in my husband’s chest too. Or to go back: My husband immigrated to the United States withRead MorePersonal Narrative : The Story Of My Life935 Words   |  4 PagesI woke up on a cold, torn up mattress. I try to stand up, struggling since I was tied to the wall behind me. My head was throbbing and my wrists and ankles burned from the rope. That s when I heard you walking down the stairs. My heart was pounding out of my chest. You then slowly unlocked the cage. For the first time I couldn’t save myself. You leaned over me, you stunk of stale cigarettes and booze. I knew I could survive the things you would do to me, I just didn’t know if I could ever get outRead MorePersonal Narrative : The Story Of My Life1953 Words   |  8 Pagesnow I could see the light reaching for my hands. I felt that someone has finally helped me to wash away the suffering I ve been through. Pray and continued praying until this war against me and the devil is over, forever more. I believe in every problem there s always a way. This lo ud voice is screaming in my head. How are you feeling? Are you okay?. She asked me with that soothing voice in hers. I haven t heard that soft voice in my entire life since my suffering and depression. As she keptRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Life Story2268 Words   |  10 PagesMy life story: †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨My life story begins on April 25, 1975. †¨I was the first born daughter to Larry and Debbie Goss in a small town called Fort Payne Alabama. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Looking back over my life I ve known from a very small age that God has a great plan and a purpose for my life. I can also see how the enemy has tried to destroy that purpose from the beginning. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨On April 25, in a little county hospital my mother is taken to the hospital to deliver there first child. Little did she know the pain and agonyRead MoreNarrative Is The Root Of Some Fields1510 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative is the root of some fields which includes education, rhetoric, literature, religion, law, history: culture (Wilson, 1989). I t can be seen as a tool to create traditions and symbols as means of communication and it is a source to understand and strengthen the identity of the organisation (Kroeze and Keulen, 2013). 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The main points of the theory/paradigm are the following: humans are essentially storytellers; decisions that humans make are based off of good reasons rather than proof; what we do and how we think is swayed by accounts of history, biography, culture and character; our rationality is determined by our sense of probability (the coherency of the narrative) and narrative fidelity (whether the storyRead MorePersonal Commentary On The Lives Of People Different From Ourselves1454 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand the way someone else sees the world. This is why personal narratives are such an important piece of writing. They allow us to gain an understanding of things that we may never experience ourselves. This allows us to gain insight into the lives of people different from ourselves. By listening to the life stories of other people, we learn to better communicate with others. Every human on this planet has a unique and distinct story that defines who they are. 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The â€Å"Hook† Start your paper with a statement about your story that catches the reader’s attention, for example: a relevant quotation, question, fact

The Struggle of Man Free Essays

For centuries, Adam has been deemed as the â€Å"Individual who doomed the human race† through one simple act—disobedience. Common themes throughout Genesis 3 provide peers with the notion that Eve tempted Adam and thus they created the original sin together; perhaps, the original sin spurred from a different entity altogether. The first rebellion occurred when Lucifer challenged God’s authority in heaven. We will write a custom essay sample on The Struggle of Man or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lucifer acted upon his prideful craving of a more God-like status; ultimately leading to Lucifer being cast from the gates of heaven. This singular action is what set the stage for mankind to fail. Lucifer demonstrated not only the original sin, but the most grave of the seven deadly sins—pride. When Lucifer was cast from the gates of heaven, he was demoted to earth. The same glorious creation that God made for man, and eventually woman. The question remains as to why God, being all-knowing, chose to permit Satan near his handiwork and his creations. Although this question is found to pose an illogical or ethical problem in those who do not credit Christianity with being factual, those who do deem God as definitive, seek the answer as—God grants the human race with free will. God desired for his creations to choose obedience and through submission, they would receive contentment for all of their days. Lucifer enticed and infected Eve through the same mentality that led to his downfall. Prior to Eve eating the forbidden fruit, she had already displayed infidelity to God among her thoughts. Subsequently, Eve began to exhibit an envious mentality of her creator—insisting that if she too ate the forbidden fruit, she would become sagacious. According to an excerpt from Genesis, her lustful behavior is exhibited by her assertion, â€Å"Good for food, pleasing to the eyes, and desirable for gaining wisdom† (3:6). Rather than asking her creator why this specific tree was forbidden, she became obsessed and greedy with the thought of being a God. This notion of becoming equal with God presented one of the first shortcomings in civilization. Perchance Eve indulged in the forbidden fruit because she harbored resentment toward God being omnipotent, while she was expected to be obedient. After having tasted the forbidden fruit, through direct disobedience, she gave the fruit to Adam. Adam, whom knew the consequences, chose to eat the fruit anyway. In doing so, both Adam and Eve felt the magnitude of their actions; as they began to come to the realization that they were naked. Nakedness, in perspective to Adam and Eve, symbolizes how far they had truly fallen from grace. They had been stripped of the â€Å"good† in the world. They no longer had the protection, convenience, or pleasant conditions of the Garden of Eden due to the nature of the â€Å"wisdom† they so longed to possess. While obedience can be seen as morally acceptable, it does not denote virtue. You can be obedient to something that possesses negative attributes. Historical evidence demonstrates this idea through the actions of Stalin, Pol Pot, and Hitler. It is dependent upon the area under discussion that determines whether it is moral or immoral. For example, when Eve rebelled, she initially felt blameless, but it was then followed with tremendous remorse due to her actions. The internal indication that she felt after committing the sin demonstrated that her rebelliousness was not only bad, but would reap consequences for all of eternity. Based on Adam and Eve’s knowledge and experience, it is clearly shown throughout text that in order to remain in God’s image, you would have to be obedient. Obedience kept Adam and Eve in concordance with God. Obedience possessed virtue, and by being virtuous—they were good. Once rebelliousness and worldly pleasures were sought out, it created a division between them and their creator. Their actions no longer possessed virtue because their mentality had become riddled with wickedness. In turn, they would spend the rest of eternity seeking redemption for their self-inflicted perversion. How to cite The Struggle of Man, Papers

Al Nawaf Company-Case Study-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp.com

Questions: 1.What would be the advantages to Al Nawaf Company of setting up a career planning program? 2.What would be some of the strategies they must develop in order to gain the competitive advantage? 3.Outline three steps that they must align in order to begin developing a succession planning component part of their career development program? Answers: 1.There are various advantages of setting up a career planning program, which will benefit the Al Nawaf Company. The advantages of the program are being discussed as follows; Career planning is highly necessary as it helps in attracting and retaining competent and skilled individuals into the organization. This in turn, provides the employees with suitable opportunities of promotion. Moreover, this enables the employees to develop them-selves to meet the future challenges. In addition to this, career planning increases the utilization of the managerial reserves within the organization. It provides the employees with correct placements. Moreover, it also reduces employee turnover and dissatisfaction and improves employee morale as well as motivation (Cascio, 2018). Career planning will prove to be highly beneficial for the Al Nawaf Company as it will analyze the individuals skills, abilities, knowledge, aptitudes and more. The overall procedure of career planning enables the individuals to gain knowledge regarding various career opportunities, priorities and more. Gaining knowledge helps the individual to select the career which is suitable for his/her life styles, family environment, preferences, scopes for self development and more. In addition to this, it will also help the Al Nawaf Company to identify the employees who can be promoted to the higher positions (Parkay, Anctil Hass, 2014). Up-gradation, internal promotions as well as transfers will motivate the employees to boost up their morale. This in turn, will result into increased satisfaction in job. Moreover, increased job satisfaction will enhance the employees commitment and create a sense of belongingness as well as loyalty within the organization (Rothwell et al., 2015). 2.Businesses and organizations constantly seek competitive advantages at the marketplace. However, there are various ways by which it is done and majority of the businessmen focus on the tried and actual methods of gaining a competitive advantage within the business environment. The methods, which the Al Nawaf Company can utilize, are generally classified into four primary categories, which are discussed as follows; Cost Leadership The first and foremost competitive advantage of any business is the cost leadership. Businesses often attempt to gain the cost leadership as it occurs when the organization is able to offer same quality product as that of its competitors, however, at low costs. It occurs when the company finds a way to produce the goods at lesser costs through perfection or utilization of resource in much effective as well as efficient way than their competitors (Caffarella Daffron, 2013). Differentiation This is the second strategy which various organizations often utilize in order to set their business apart from their competitors. In the differentiation strategy, lesser cost of the products is the only possible factor, which can set the business apart from its competitors. The Al Nawaf Company can adopt this differentiation strategy in order to differentiate its company from others (Parkay, Anctil Hass, 2014). Defensive Strategies The other way of gaining a competitive advantage into the business is by utilizing a defensive strategy. This strategy will help the business by further disassociating itself from the competition. Alliances In addition to the above strategies, businesses can also gain competitive advantages form other businesses within the similar industries that seek strategic alliances in the related industries (Jehanzeb Bashir, 2013). 3.In order to begin developing a succession planning component part of Al Nawaf Companys career development program, the company needs to adopt certain steps. Three of them are; Self Assessment Tools This is the most important technique which the company can utilize in the efforts of managing the career of their employees. It is regarded as an exploration tool of individuals career in which the employees complete their self assessment exercises and also fill up information related to their competencies, interests, skills, preferences, work attitudes, obstacles, opportunities and long as well as short term goals. This entire exercise enables them to understand their own aspirations and desires as well as likes and dislikes (Rothwell et al., 2015). Workshops for Career Planning Once the employees get through the self assessment tests, they share the findings along with their colleagues as well as supervisors in the workshops of planning careers. It also allows the employees to receive feedbacks from other employees and supervisors. It lets them check the reality of their aspirations as well as plans. They might alter their plans when it becomes unrealistic for them and move into a new track (Cummings Worley, 2014). Individual Counseling Individual counseling is most common activity, which is undertaken by the organizations for developing their business. Counseling to the individuals is generally provided by the human resource specialists, career development specialists, development trainers or life skills. Few organizations hire the employees from outside source, while some organizations have fully fledged departments for recruiting purposes (Cascio, 2018). It assists the employees to understand their own aims, making changes when required. References Caffarella, R. S., Daffron, S. R. (2013).Planning programs for adult learners: A practical guide. John Wiley Sons. Cascio, W. (2018).Managing human resources. McGraw-Hill Education. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Jehanzeb, K., Bashir, N. A. (2013). Training and development program and its benefits to employee and organization: A conceptual study.European Journal of business and management,5(2). Parkay, F. W., Anctil, E. J., Hass, G. (2014).Curriculum leadership: Readings for developing quality educational programs. Prentice Hall. Rothwell, W. J., Jackson, R. D., Ressler, C. L., Jones, M. C., Brower, M. (2015).Career Planning and Succession Management: Developing Your Organization's Talentfor Today and Tomorrow: Developing Your Organizations Talentfor Today and Tomorrow. ABC-CLIO.

The Moral Principles of Premarital Sex free essay sample

Having strong parental influence can also strongly affect the outcomes of adolescence and causal sex. Additionally, marriage can be vulnerable to the actions of premarital sex, which can lead to disruption or divorce. Casual sex is a way people use one another as mere objects and to satisfy one’s sexual desires leading to a loss of commitment. Casual sex is defined as having more of a focus on physical satisfaction then emotional and lacking a sense of commitment. It can also be an agreement with a stranger or other partners that lasts for a long period of time (â€Å"Casual Sex,† 2011). The average age of the first sexual encounter is at 17. 7 years according to Hyde (2005). The first sexual experience is extremely meaningful and sexual expression can be molded based on experience. Traditional thinking of sex has become rare, less favored and not socially accepted. Attitudes in society have changed, making sex more popular and less condemned (Martin, 2003). We will write a custom essay sample on The Moral Principles of Premarital Sex or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Guilt and anger are often side effects of casual sex, along with a loss of commitment for long term relationships, marriage often being disrupted, leading to the conclusion premarital sex is not appropriate in any means and should not be practiced. American adults who said casual sex was wrong as concluded to 75% or the population in 1969. In the 1980’s, 33-37% of American adults said premarital sex was wrong decreasing by about 40%. These changes in the American society have occurred because of the replacement of conservative generations from the early 20th century to a more liberal generation later the century. The fluctuations of opinion are also due to the age and cultural changes of each generation, altering the views of people at the same time (Harding amp; Jencks, 2003). The traditional teachings of Christianity were no longer consistent with the people’s belief in America by this time and it is possible the relationship between these beliefs and religious views changed over time (Petersen amp; Donnenwerth, 1997). This common acceptance of   premarital sex that is occurring still has the underlying issue of whether it is, in fact, ethically moral to participate in casual sex and the effects among women and men. Do Men’s and Women’s Effects Differ? According to Else-Quest, Hyde, and DeLamater, men are more likely to have casual sex to obtain physical satisfaction while women are more likely to do it for intimacy and to enhance the relationship (2005). Men and women may experience sexual activity differently because of the differences in their scripts, which are learned strategies about sex. Men’s sexuality tends to not be subjected to relationship factors resulting in a difference in experience by both genders. Some argue that these sexual experiences are important for person’s sexual scripts to develop because it allows them to organize the order of sexual acts and learn the appropriate responses and behaviors. But these scripts that are argued as allowing casual sex to continue, do not always produce positive outcomes. Over time, guilt can arise as a result of a miserable experience and could grow into sexual dysfunction with long-term effects. It is more likely for women in this society to develop guilt because of seeing casual sex equaling love. But again it has been shown that guilt, tension, lack or respect, and embarrassment follows the action of casual sex (â€Å"Premarital sex,: 2002-2012). Hence, even if there may be a motivation for casual sex because of developing one’s script or fulfilling a man’s physical satisfaction and a women’s intimacy in a relationship, there are the same emotional effects and negative outcomes that result from taking part in premarital sex.An action that was morally right would not have egative emotional and psychological consequences, which would conclude casual sex was not intended to be done before marriage. There is also another consequence for participating in casual sex such as disturbance in later marriage. Sexual scripts can be written prior to marriage, providing knowledge about their own abilities, leading to a stable marriage because they may be able to make more informed choices concerning marriage. It is also very likely for someone to misunderstand physica l intimacy with emotional potential, leading to disruption in marriage and make worse marital choices (Kahn, London, 1991). How is Marriage Effected? In today’s society, adolescents have a positive opinion about cohabitation before marriage. The view of marriage as an institution has faded and cohabitation has taken a new part of this culture (Martin, Specter, Martin, amp; Martin, 2003). It has often been questioned whether or not premarital sexual activity causes marriages to be disrupted. According to Teachman, Premarital sex and cohabitation has not been found to be connected to marital disruption if limited to a woman’s husband (2003). But Kahn and London refute this.

Historical Design Analysis essayEssay Writing Service

Historical Design Analysis essayEssay Writing Service Historical Design Analysis essay Historical Design Analysis essayModernism, as a new trend in artistic practice, appeared in the early 20th century. Modernism played a special role in the development of artistic consciousness; it meant a complete break with previous trends of art (Home Design, 2012). Culture of modernism was associated with permanent artistic search. Different artistic trends developed in parallel within modernism and were perceived as equal. Architectural modernism includes the following areas: constructivism, rationalism, functionalism and styles: international, Deco and brutalism. Representatives of artistic circles tried to convey a new sense of life into art. The main emphasis of modernism in architecture is the novelty. The main features of architectural modernism are: the use of modern building materials and constructions, rational layout, escape from the idea of ​​excessive embellishment, international character.Neutra VDL House and Studio was designed by Richard Neutra and hi s son Dion Neutra and built in 1932. It is located in Los Angeles on Silver Lake Boulevard. Richard Neutra was a modernist architect, his distinctive feature was that he took into account the requirements of customers without imposing personal opinions. Before starting working on a project, Richard Neutra identified key preferences of a customer. Originally Neutra VDL House and Studio was built for architect’s Neutra family. Neutra tried to make a comfortable design so that every member of his family felt free (Hay, 2000).Such a desire is associated with the era in which the house was built. Modernism is characterized by a complete update of artistic forms and approval of new beginnings. Modernism in architecture is associated with the concept of modern architecture. Richard Neutra is the main representative of architects of the modern age. Representatives of this trend are supporters of free layouts and personal character of buildings. This explains the strict adherence to t he customer’s requirements. After all, everyone is individual in nature, respectively, all have different preferences. Modernism is a reaction to copy styles from the past. It is characterized by clear, flowing lines.In Neutra VDL House and Studio, the authors used natural lighting resources. Bright light in the house is provided by the glass walls, so there were no barriers to the sunlight. Windows are located on the facade as continuous horizontal bands, so-called glazing tape. The use of glass is one of the main features of functionalism. The main materials used by modernist architects were concrete and glass. Glass is the main material for constructivists as well, along with wood and metal. Layout of the house was carefully planned. All parts of the building are rational, which is quite understandable. Here we can see the influence of rationalism, which is based on the concept of reason. Functionalism also required architect to account functioning of the building, which w as achieved through the creation of a rational plan and equipment. The building doesn’t have interference between different areas of the house. Functionalism welcomes the absence of superfluous detail lacking a functional purpose. Rooms are arranged around an open staircase, furniture is built in that stores space. Built-in furniture is also the guarantee of mitigation of space, it hides sharp corners. The architect has used a neutral color that visually expands space. Functionalists use in their works gray, yellow and white colors. Richard Neutra avoids dark colors that inhibit human and cause depression. Bright colors blend in the room. Psychologists explain that pastel colors fill the human with energy. Contemporaries call Neutra VDL House and Studio â€Å"House – force†, in their opinion, the strength of the design is harmonious combination of air, water and light. Neutra’s work is characterized by a combination of lightness and airiness, and the pres ence of the lake adds the third element (Castro, 2012). The architect also uses typical geometric proportions, which correspond to functionalism. Strict regularity and bold geometric shapes are a hallmark of al-decor, which can be traced in modernism. In the work of modernist architect, basic principles of constructivism are clearly visible: understanding the formative features of the new technology, its logical, feasible designs. In the construction of the building, Richard Neutra used metal, such design allowed the author using a large amount of glass. Comfort in the house was also made by living plants, which were inside and outside the builing.In March 1963, the building was damaged in a fire, entire architectural collection was destroyed along with the house. Son of Richard Neutra Dion Neutra restored the building trying to save its original appearance. In 2008 the building was renovated by Cal Poly Pomona, they restored the roof, wiring, repaired walls, doors and ceilings, to ok care of the garden. Neutra VDL House and Studio was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Today the building is open for tours and is very popular among visitors, as it is one of the best examples of modernism (Kanner, 1992).The 20th century was marked by changes in the outlook, which was a result of changes in economy, politics, ideology, culture and other areas. Economics was influenced by the transition to machinery manufacturing, scientific and technological revolution. Industrialization, as a process of accelerated socio- economic transition from a traditional to an industrial stage of development, has been associated with the development of new technologies. People get an idea of the fastest use of new technologies and scientific discoveries. Speaking about the architecture of modernism, it should be noted that technical and industrial revolution of the XIX century was its main source and inspire. Aggravation of social contradictions on the turn of centuries co ntributed to the emergence of modernism in architecture. At the first congress of architects in 1892-1895, participants criticized eclecticism system that combined various ideas borrowed from other philosophical systems. Already in that period, people got interest in the rapidly developing technology, new designs and types of buildings. Modernism destructed classical traditions. The main features of modernist aesthetic strategy were the autonomy of art and an emphasis on the art form. Architectural modernism took the latest scientific and technological and industrial progress as a basis. It also used advanced social reformist ideas of the time. Modernist architects opposed simplicity to ostentation bourgeois life. Development of modernism significantly contributed to the achievement of the metallurgical industry and the emergence of new building materials. Possibility of metal greatly influenced the work of modernist architects. Movements of  «Arts Crafts » in the UK and indus trial expansion in Germany have played an important role in the development of new directions of art (â€Å"Spring Fashion Issue, 2000). Postmodernism followed modernism; it was an independent direction in art, signifying a radical break with the paradigm of modernism. Postmodernists sought to add imagination, figurative associations and fudge to the architectural works. But both directions were in constant search for new forms.

Believe (acoustic) by Justin Bieber

Justin Bieber’s Believe (acoustic) Album Justin Bieber’s album, Believe (acoustic) is a unique and catchy pop album that anyone will enjoy. This album is amazing because all the songs that are played acoustically sound better acoustically than they do regularly. It offers a mix of inspirational and upbeat music that all tie back into the theme of the album: believing. Bieber has been in the music business for a fairly long time. He was founded on YouTube by a man named Scooter. Scooter found Justin and made him famous. With the help of his family, Scooter, and famous singer, Usher, Justin Bieber became a huge star. Bieber has come out with many albums. Such as My World and Believe. Justin Bieber’s first really big hit was his song â€Å"Baby† from the My World album. One of his more recent hits was the song â€Å"Beauty and a Beat.† This album is different from others because almost all the songs on the album are played acoustically and without any tuning or adjustment to his voice. This album has all different kinds of music on it, but all of the songs tie back into the main theme of Believing. Bieber did a great job of making the album catchy, fun and inspirational to his listeners. A big factor in making this album a hit was Bieber’s lyrics. They flow nicely with the song and really make the listener believe. Although all the songs on the album are great, the songs â€Å"Beauty and a Beat† and â€Å"Fall† really stands out. These three songs are wonderful because the guitar in the songs really stands out and sounds cool. Every album has that one song that just isn’t very good. For Bieber’s Believe (acoustic) album it is a song called â€Å"Yellow Raincoat.† Yellow Raincoat doesn’t have a good beat and doesn’t fit in with the other songs. This album is much better than others in it pop genre because of the uniqueness of most of the songs being played acoustically. The Believe (acoustic) album is an amazing album that has a great theme and inspiring songs. It uniqueness really brings the album to another level. Justin Bieber’s Believe (acoustic) album is not one to miss.

Energy Expenditure and Lab Report Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Energy Expenditure and Lab Report Guide - Essay Example In this case, the kilocalorie percentage was 26.3 percent from carbohydrate, and 73.7 percent from fat. The total energy expenditure from carbohydrate equaled 14.71 kilocalories multiplied by the 26.3 percent of the total kilocalories from carbohydrate, in the end equaling 3.87 kilocalories from cholesterol alone. The total energy expenditure from fat equaled 14.71 kilocalories multiplied by the 26.3 percent kilocalories solely from fat; in the end 10.84 kilocalories were from fat. The 10-min oxygen consumption, while exercising for our subject, was equal to 25.39 VO2 L/m. The average RER during our subjects exercise was .8952. The formula that was needed to calculate respiratory exercise ratio during exercise was the average Carbon dioxide production (VCO2) during exercise divided by the average oxygen consumption (VO2). When the RER sums up to .8952 the caloric equivalent to this was 4.924 kilocalories per liquid oxygen. Gross energy expenditure during exercise is calculated by taking 25.39-oxygen consumption multiplied by 4.924 caloric equivalents equaling a total of 125.02 kilocalories. The net energy expenditure of our subject that was 125.02 equals Gross energy expenditure plus the resting energy expenditure equals 139.73. To calculate the total resting energy expenditure derived from carbohydrate and fat you take the RER and find the percentage kilocalorie for both of them. The percentage kilocalorie that derived from carbohydrate was 67.5. The percentage kilocalorie that came from fat was 32.5. The energy expenditure from carbohydrates equaled to 139.73 kilocalories multiplied by 67.5 percent equaling a total of 74.07 kilocalories deriving from carbohydrates. The energy expenditure from fat equals 139.73 kilocalories multiplied by 32.5 percent equaling a total of 45.41 kilocalories from fat. This sort of testing can be applied

Defining Quality issues at Johnson & Johnson Research Paper

Defining Quality issues at Johnson & Johnson - Research Paper Example Johnson & Johnson Incorporated is a diversified company whose main focus is on the healthcare industry. The company focuses on the Six Sigma quality process through which quality assurance is maintained. This process is used in the 275 different operations that the company holds. However, in the last five years Johnson & Johnson has had to recall a number of different products because of poor manufacturing standards. Despite claims of a high manufacturing quality control, it is clear that with the number of problems they have experienced that they have yet to reach a level of consistency that is required in order to provide products in the healthcare industry. Because of the number of problems that Johnson & Johnson has experienced in the last few years, the company is in need of strict improvement that consists of lowering their percentage of defects in order to keep the public safe. Established in 1887, Johnson & Johnson Incorporated is engaged in research and development along with manufacturing and the sale of a broad range of items that relate to the healthcare field. They represent a family of companies which span the healthcare industry through wide diversity of interests. There are more than 128,700 people working for the company in the 275 individual companies under their umbrella. They operate out of more than 60 countries with their worldwide headquarters in Brunswick, New Jersey. According to Reuters (2014) there are three main business segments through which the company operates: pharmaceutical, consumer, and medical devices and diagnostics. The subsidiaries that operate underneath the company umbrella include 146 manufacturing facilities which total about 21.6 ft. ² of operating floor space. Johnson & Johnson is the six Sigma quality process in order to assure that the products that they creates are

Christianity verses islam Essay Example for Free

Christianity verses islam Essay The attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and trade are similar yet different. Over time Christian and Islamic attitudes towards the merchants and trade have changed.  The attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and traders are similar. A way that these two religions attitudes towards their merchants and trade was that they both allowed being treated better under god easier for merchants to achieve if they were honest about what their trade. In the Muslim Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith† (Doc 2). This statement proves that merchants could be treated better under god if they were honest. Also in the Christian Bible, New Testament (Matthew) it states â€Å"It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of god† (Doc 1). This means that it is easier for the honest merchants to enter the kingdom of god than the rich upper-class Christians. All in all, the Christian and Islamic attitudes toward the merchants and trade are similar. As well as the attitudes of Christianity and Islam toward merchants and trade being similar they were different. A way that Christianity and Islam attitudes were different was that some Christians thought that if they gave away their money earned to charity they would be able to become closer to God by serving him, but in Islam they only thought that honesty could get you closer to God. In The Life of St. Godric by Reginald it states â€Å"now he had lived sixteen years as a merchant, and began to think of spending on charity, to God’s honor and service† (Doc 3). Although this statement proves the difference it may be bias because it was written by a colleague of a merchant, this could mean that he was experiencing things different than what they were really supposed to be by law. In the Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith† (Doc 2). The statements from these two wr itings together prove that the attitudes towards merchants and trade were different between Christianity and Islam. Over time both Christianity and Islam attitudes towards merchants and trade  changed. Christianity started off with the Christian merchants not bidding with the traders to bidding with the traders. Thomas Aquinas wrote â€Å"the seller must not impose upon the bidder† (Doc 4). And this change was presented when a letter was written placing an order for English wool saying â€Å"with god always before us, we will carry out your bidding† (Doc 6). Both these statements could be bias due to the writer, the first quote from Aquinas could be bias because he was a theologian which means he studied gods and so he could have wrote more about what the bible states and not what actually happened. Then the letter was written by a merchant which means they could have had different experiences with trade than other merchants. Islam started off with their merchants needing to be honest and ended up with their merchants seeking to make profits and gambling, and gambling for more money is not very truthful. The Qur’an it states â€Å"On the day of judgment, the honest, truthful Muslim merchant will take rank with the martyrs of the faith† (Doc 2). Ibn Khaldun a leading Muslim scholar wrote â€Å"We have already stated that traders must buy and sell and seek profits† and he wrote â€Å"they come under the heading of gambling† (Doc 5). All in all both Christianity and Islamic attitudes toward merchants and trade changed over time. In conclusion Christianity and Islam had attitudes toward merchants and trade that were similar and different, and that both religions attitudes changed over time. A document that was not present that would have been helpful would be a document written by Muslim or Christian merchants because the documents that were written by merchants were written by British and Italian merchants.

To His Coy Mistress Essay -- essays research papers fc

Words on "To His Coy Mistress" Either you have sex with me or you die. This is a very strong statement which, when said, has to get someone's attention; and that is exactly what Andrew Marvell intends for the reader in this poem. He wants the undivided attention of this mistress so that he can scare her and rush her into making a decision the way he wants and in due time. Filled with time flavored symbolism, this carpe diem poem, "To His Coy Mistress" by Andrew Marvell, exemplifies the seize the day theme. The cyclical, life symbolizing river, the water flowing by like time, is the first place Marvell places the characters. And even though they are very far apart, time still flows by for them both. As the water flows, this concept begins to hint at the shortness of time, for them to have sex, the source of new life. He then proceeds to claim that he could love her ten years before the flood, something already ancient, and up to the end of the world, using the juxtapositioning of the two views of time enhance his argument and to convince to accept his offer by telling her of his long-term commitment for her in the short-term. This flood also symbolizes life in the fresh start of the new covenant. Because time keeps going, with or without them, they must be active participants and not just the static spectator. Otherwise, the fate Marvell relates would become their reality....

Csr and Consumer

The impact of perceived CSR initiatives on consumer’s buying behaviour: An empirical study Abu Bashar, Assistant Professor, Institute of Management Studies, Dehradun. ABSTRACT Although research into CSR and consumer behavior is still relatively young, there exists a growing interest in studying the links between CSR and marketing. The Indian consumers are now well aware that, in pursuing their business endeavors, companies now have to show more responsibility towards society and the environment where they are operating and at the same time do managers increasingly see CSR as a marketing tool to help create a competitive advantage.But what is the actual impact of companies’ engagement in CSR on consumer behavior? The consumers are getting more aware of the corporation involved in corporate social responsibility (CSR) through better education and the increased influence of the media. The companies up to a certain extent has already been realized that their socially respon sible behaviour have a direct impact on the consumer buying behaviour. In this research paper effort has been employed to investigate that how consumers are considering corporation’s CSR initiatives at the time of deciding on their purchase decision of products and services.For measuring CSR economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic variables have been considered from Carroll's definition. A random stratified sample of 250 respondents have been considered, the data have been collected with the help of structured questionnaire. After the data collection appropriate statistical data analysis was performed in the software program SPSS. Results confirm a positive relationship between perceived CSR activities and consumer buying behaviour. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, consumer behaviour, Philanthropy, Consumer buying behaviour. 1. IntroductionMultinational corporations first introduced the term stakeholder in the late 1960’s. Stakeholders were described as th ose who were in any way affected by the corporations’ activities. Soon thereafter, the term â€Å"corporate social responsibility† came into common use. The goal of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is to take responsibility for all the company’s actions and to have a positive impact on its environment, communities, employees, consumers and all other stakeholders (Freeman et al. , 2010). The European Commission (2011) defines CSR as â€Å"the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society†.More specifically, the responsibility of corporations includes the integration of social, environmental and ethical issues as well as human rights and consumer concerns, into their business operations and core strategy in close collaboration with their stakeholders. In research literature, CSR is defined as â€Å"a business organization’s configuration of principles of social responsibility, processes of social responsiveness, and policies, progr ams, and observable outcomes as they relate to the firm’s societal relationships† (Wood, 1991:693).In their opinion, the free market in that sense contributes to society by realizing this prosperity and therefore does not have any other obligations in that matter. However, on the other side of the spectrum the free market is viewed as inhibiting human freedom (e. g. through child labor) and as the root cause of economic and cultural imperialism in many developing countries. CSR is also seen as a way to attempt to be one step ahead of governmental interference, in order to avoid any kind of legislative restrictions or reprimands.Additionally, CSR is regarded as being used merely as a marketing tool, which introduces concerns about hypocrisy. As with many ethical issues, a great amount of organizations operate in the broad space in between these extremes, and the topic remains subject to continuous discussion (Friedman, 1970). One of the most important stakeholder groups is the consumer, and as Creyer and Ross (1997) confirmed; customers do indeed expect socially responsible behavior from companies. More interestingly, customers are willing to reward this behavior.It is no surprise that a steadily growing group of consumers pro-actively look for companies with ‘sustainable’ products and production methods. This new type of consumer is subject to an increasing amount of research by social and economic scientists, and characterized as ‘sophisticated’ and ‘environmentally and socially conscious’ (Forster, 2007). Corporations that do not equip themselves with CSR activities will often be left behind with the increasing global competition and borderless markets, and international corporations with sound CSR activities grow stronger (Altman, 2007).As the education level increases, consumers are made more aware of the need for pro social corporate behaviour. A lot of work has been done in Western countries to identify an organization’s behaviour regarding consumer purchasing decisions. However, not many studies have been conducted in emerging markets, such as India. CSR activities should enhance a corporation's image. This paper aims to examine the influence of perceived CSR initiatives on the buying behaviour of Indian consumers.We are interested in exploring whether consumers in India consider organisations' CSR issues before associating themselves with organisations’ products and services. Apart from that, this study also aims to identify the awareness level of Indian consumers towards CSR. The results of this study will also be useful for business organisations in understanding the consumers' priority for the CSR activities that they should be engaging in, and it will contribute to the existing literature. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows.The next section will discuss the literature review. The third section will explain on the methodology used. The findings and discussion will be presented in the fourth section and will be followed by conclusions and implications in the final section. 2. Scope of the study The scope of the study has been limited to CSR initiatives of corporate and consumer buying behaviour only. The study has been confined to Delhi & NCR region as this area has greater number of top notch corporations 3. Objectives 1. To study and analyze the current CSR practices being employed by corporations in India. . To find out the level of awareness of consumer about CSR 3. To find out the relation and impact of corporation’s CSR initiatives on consumer buying decisions 4. Research Methodology The study is based on descriptive research design. A structured questionnaire has been designed, to know the level of awareness and impact of corporation’s CSR initiatives on their buying decisions. The questionnaire consists of three major sections. The first section gathers information on consumers’ awareness towar ds corporate social responsibility (CSR).This section covers some general questions to obtain the respondent's understanding of the term CSR, which indicates the ability of the respondent to complete the rest of the questionnaire. The respondents who indicated having no knowledge in CSR were not included in the data analysis. Second section covers questions on consumer buying behaviour towards CSR initiatives by the business organisations. The statements were divided into four subsections based on Carroll's pyramid of CSR, which include economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities.While third section designed to gather demographic information of the respondents such as gender, age, education level and monthly income level. Section A and Section C were designed using nominal scales, whereas Section B was designed using a five-point Likert scale ranging from â€Å"1† for â€Å"strongly disagree† to â€Å"5† for â€Å"strongly agree†. Cronbach 's Alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the measures. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for the four independent variables and one dependent variable was 0. 59. The survey was conducted in Delhi & NCR; responses of 250 respondents were collected. We targeted respondents who are seems to be conscious buyer and hence the sampling technique is non-probability convenience sampling. For visual representation of finding and results bar charts, pie charts and tables etc. ahs been used. 5. Review of literature During the 21th century, the focus of the environmental aspect of CSR grew even stronger and society’s increased interest regarding environmental issues put new light on CSR.Hence, even higher pressure was put on corporations and their initiatives for support of the environment. This can be seen in the European Commission’s CSR-report from 2002, in which CSR is described to have a close relationship between companies and societies to tackle both socia l and environmental concerns: â€Å"CSR is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis.In their latest definition, the European Commission (2011) explains CSR as â€Å"the responsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society†. Another trend emerging in the 21th century was the focus of CSR from a consumer perspective. The fact that corporations started to work and participate actively in projects regarding CSR predictably woke up an interest also among consumers. Researchers were then eager to find out whether CSR activities had any influence on consumers or not, and if so, in what way and to what extent. In 2001, Mohr et al. tudied the relationship between CSR and consumers’ buying behavior. The results of the study showed that the majority of the respondents were in general positively disposed towards social responsible firms and moreo ver expected firms to be highly active within CSR. Furthermore, the results revealed that a small majority of the respondents did not really think about basing their purchase behavior on CSR or did it only sometimes, even if CSR as a buying criterion didn’t play much of a role in the decision processes or purchase behavior.However, 39% of the respondents were basing some or much of their purchasing on CSR (Mohr et al. , 2001). In 2005, Becker-Olsen and Hill contributed with two studies investigating the role of perceived fit (e. g. Similarity between corporate mission and social initiative), perceived corporate motive (other-centered versus profit-centered), and timing of an announcement (reactive versus proactive) on consumers’ responses to corporate social initiatives. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of perceived CSR on consumer behavior.The results of the study demonstrated that an overwhelming majority of the respondents believed that firms should en gage in social initiatives and 76% thought that those initiatives would benefit the firms. About half of the respondents stated that they would boycott firms that acted irresponsibly, if reasonable alternatives were available (Becker-Olsen & Hill, 2005). Finally, another relatively new trend within CSR developed in the 21th century is to view and utilize the whole concept as a competitive advantage.In 2006, the marketing and strategy guru Michael Porter wrote an article together with Mark R. Kramer, in which they introduced a framework that organizations can use to identify the impact they have on society, determine which effects to address and then suggest effective ways to do so. The authors propose that when looking at CSR from a strategically perspective it can become a source of remarkable social progress, since corporations apply their resources, expertise, and insights to activities that benefit society as a whole (Porter & Kramer, 2006).In carrying out their economic respons ibility, corporations are expected work within the framework of laws and regulations as a partial fulfillment of the â€Å"social contract† between corporations and society. Carroll (1991) stated that it is important for legal responsibility to be performed in a manner that is consistent with the expectations of governments and laws complying with the various federal, state and local regulations. A successful corporation should be recognised as one that fulfils its legal obligations.Conchius (2006), on the other hand, stated that legal responsibility includes abiding by consumer and product laws, environmental laws and employment laws while also adhering to laws and regulations governing competition in the marketplace. However, legal responsibilities do not embrace the full range of behaviours expected of corporations by society. Laws are important, but they are often inadequate. First, they cannot possibly address all of the issues or areas that a corporation may face.Second , laws often lag behind more recent concepts of what is considered right behaviour, and third, laws may represent the personal interests and political motivations of legislators (Carroll, 1998). Although economic and legal responsibilities represent ethical standards concerning fairness and justice, ethical responsibility encompasses those activities and practices expected or prohibited by society that expand beyond the limitations of legal responsibilities.Ethical responsibility embodies those standards and expectations that reflect a concern for what consumers, employees, shareholders, and the community regard as fair, just, or in keeping with the respect or protection of stakeholders' moral rights (Carroll, 1979). According to Carroll (1991), business performance can be determined by the corporation's consistency in promoting moral and ethical standards. If a corporation practises good corporate citizenship, the activities of the corporation are trusted.Ethical responsibility als o recognises that corporate integrity and ethical behaviour should go beyond the requirements of laws and regulations. Balancing economic, legal and ethical responsibilities is important. If the corporation does something that is appropriately economic and legal, it must also be appropriately ethical. Philanthropic responsibility refers to corporate actions that are in response to society's expectations of good corporate citizens. Corporate philanthropy is likely to enhance the image of corporations especially those that have high public visibility.Corporate philanthropy should also increase employee loyalty and improve customer ties. Philanthropic activities include business contributions in terms of financial resources or executive time, such as contributions to the arts, education, or communities. The distinguishing characteristic between philanthropic and ethical responsibilities is that philanthropic responsibilities are not expected in an ethical or moral sense. Philanthropy i s located at the most voluntary and discretionary dimension of corporate responsibility and has not always been linked to profits or the ethical culture of the firm (Ferrell, 2004).Although society wishes corporations to be philanthropic, it is voluntary on the part of corporations (Carroll, 1991). According to Fombrun, Gardberg and Barnett (2000), the case for philanthropy comes from two different sources; strategic philanthropists argue that, although philanthropy may not generate direct economic returns, it will enhance the firm's long-term competitive position through intangible gains in reputation, legitimacy or employee loyalty. Consumer Behaviour towards CSR This paper aims to examine consumers' buying behaviour as a result of corporate CSR initiatives.We are interested in examining that whether the purchase decisions of the products and services of consumers in India are based on corporation's CSR initiatives or not. In addition, we also seek to identify which type of CSR co mponent based on Carroll's pyramid of CSR will have significant impact on consumers' buying behaviour. Several studies have suggested that there is a positive relationship between a corporation's CSR activities and consumers' attitudes towards that corporation and its products (Brown & Dacin, 1997; Creyer Ross, 1997; Ellen, Webb, & Mohr, 2000).Mohr, Webb and Harris (2001) examined and their finding indicated a significant relationship between CSR and consumer responses. Sen and Bhattacharya (2001) research on reaction of consumers to CSR shows that CSR will directly affect consumers' intentions to purchase corporation's products. As cited in Pomering and Dolnicar (2008), marketplace polls reported that consumers expect corporations to provide information about what they do, and they will support those corporations that pursue CSR initiatives.Environics International Ltd. (Environics, 1999) conducted a survey regarding consumer responses towards corporate social responsibility. The r esult of the survey indicated that Australians have the highest CSR consumer expectations from businesses. A total of 86% of US respondents in the survey of Cone Inc. (2004) said that corporations should provide information on how they support social issues. 6. Research Results and Discussions Table 1: Gender of respondents | |Gender | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Model |R |R Square |Adjusted R Square |Std. Error of the Estimate | |CSR-CB |. 573a |. 329 |. 315 |. 36483 | |a. Predictors 🙠 Constants) CSR: corporate social responsibility components which include ethical, economic, philanthropic, | |legal. CB-Consumer Behaviour | The R square (coefficient of determination) is a portion of the total variation in the dependent variable that is explained by the variation in the independent variables. According to the model summary, R square is equal to 0. 329, which is less than 1.This indicates that there is a weak linear relationship between CSR activities and consumers' bu ying behaviour. Approximately 32. 7% of variance in all the CSR components can significantly explain consumers' buying behaviour. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been preformed to test whether there is a statistical significant linear relationship between the combination of the four CSR components (Economic, legal, Ethical and philanthropic) and consumers' buying behaviour exists or not. According to Table 9, the p-value is . 000, indicating that the four CSR components significantly influence consumers' buying behaviour. Table 9: ANOVA of Multiple Regressions ANOVAb | |Model |Sum of Squares| |bDependent Variable (CB): consumer behaviour | | | | A coefficient table is very much helpful in explaining the relationship between the four CSR components and consumers' buying behaviour. Based on the calculated significances in Significance (Sig. ) column of Table 10, the p-value for each CSR component is less than 0. 05, which indicates that all the CSR components have a statisticall y significant relationship with consumers' buying behaviour. Table 10: Coefficients of Multiple Regressions Coefficientsa | |Model |Unstandardized Coefficients |Standardized |t |Sig. | | | |Coefficients | | | | |B |Std. Error |Beta | | In Table 10, the unstandardised beta coefficient is used for the values of the numbers in the linear regression equation.Theory explains that a higher beta value indicates a greater impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The independent variable (CSR components) can be ranked according to the magnitude of the beta coefficient to determine which component has the most significant impact on consumers' buying behaviour. The regression model relates Y (the dependent variable) to a function of X (the independent variable) and ? (the unknown parameter). It is formulated as Y ? f(X, ? ). The multiple regression analyses performed in this study are modeled as follows: Yi = ? 1xi1 + ? 2xi2 + ? 3xi3 + ? 4xi4 Therefore, the multiple re gressions line equation for this current study is: Consumer Behaviour = 1. 286 + 0. 59 Economic Responsibility + 0. 168 Philanthropic Responsibility + 0. 166 Ethical Responsibility + 0. 112 Legal Responsibility. The results explicitly defines that the economic responsibility attribute has the most significant impact on consumers' buying behaviour, as it has the highest beta value, followed by philanthropic responsibility, ethical responsibility and, finally, legal responsibility. Indian consumers seem to view CSR priority differently from other nations. Economic responsibility was still the basic utmost priority preferred. However, they ranked philanthropic responsibility as the second most important responsibility compared with legal responsibility.It is not surprising that Indian consumers see corporations' philanthropic responsibility as being more important than their legal responsibility. Consumers want corporations to contribute their money, facilities and employees' time to h umanitarian programs or purposes. Indians have been known as one of the most generous nations in the world. For example, the country's rate of donation and participation in helping the victims of natural disasters in the world has always been very encouraging. In addition, we have always heard that the generous Indians have made financial pledges and contributions to help those in need, they be orphaned children, the poor, accident victims and so on.Although the Indian consumers themselves have been very generous, the expectation for business institutions to do the same is unquestionable. As for complying with rules and regulations, it is not surprising that Indian consumers ranked legal responsibility last compared with Carroll's pyramid, which suggested that legal responsibility is the next most important responsibility Compared with those in developed nations, Indians regard rules lightly, to a certain extent, as we have always heard from the news about how Indians bend and ignor e stipulated rules and regulations. Among the most common examples are the bending of traffic rules and regulations promoting environmental protection. 7. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONSFor academicians, this research makes a contribution to the understanding the underlying dynamics of the role of corporate social responsibility in consumers' buying behaviour. The result of this study indicates that all of the CSR components have a significant relationship with consumers' buying behaviour. However, the limitations of this study must also be considered. The major limitation relates to the sample. With only 250 usable respondents, this sample size might limit the external validity of the findings. Managers should note that this research supports previous results reported in the literature, suggesting that a substantial, viable and identifiable consumer group exists that considers a company's level of social responsibility in its purchase decisions.Manufacturers and retailers have an oppor tunity to appeal to this group while simultaneously meeting their business objectives and make contributions to society. The type of CSR activities that should be engaged by the corporations should preferably be based on the priority indicated in the finding of this study, where the economic responsibility attribute has the most significant impact on consumers' buying behaviour, followed by philanthropic responsibility, ethical responsibility and finally, legal responsibility. However, companies that promote themselves as socially responsible need to be prepared to deal with criticisms of any irresponsible behaviour they are seen as committing, as information travels within seconds in this information technology era.In contrast, companies who disregard expectations concerning social responsibly may risk consumer boycotts as a result of the strengthening of consumers' awareness and rights in today's market scenario. 8. References Ali, I. , Rehman, U. K. , Yilmaz, K. A. , Nazir, S. & Ali, F. J. 2010. Effects of CSR on ConsumerRetention. African Journal of Business Management. Vol. 4, pp. 475-485. Altman, W. (2007/2008, January). Working for the greater good? Engineering Management. Retrieved 27 July 2010, from www. theiet. org/management Anderson, E. W. , Fornell, C. , & Mazvancheryl, S. K. 2004. Customer Satisfaction and Shareholder Value. Journal of Marketing. Vol. 68, No. , pp. 172–185. Argandona, A. (1998). The stakeholder theory and the common good. 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Business & society: A strategic approach to corporate citizenship. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflir Company. Mitchell, R. K. , Agle, B. R. , & Wood, D. J. (1997). Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts.Academy of Management Review, 22(4), 853–887. Mohr, L. A. , & Webb, D. J. (2005). The effects of corporate social responsibility and price on consumer responses. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 39(1), 121–147. Pirsch, J. , Gupta, S. , & Grau, S. L. (2007). A framework for understanding corporate social responsibility programs as a continuum: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Ethics, 70, 125–140. Pomering, A. , & Dolnicar, S. (2006). The limitations of consumer response to CSR: An empirical test of Smith's proposed antecedents (ANZMAC 2006), Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point Campus, Brisbane, 4–6 December 2006. Pomering, A. , & Dolnicar, S. 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Gay, Defined

Liz Schmidt Kate Brady English 101 October 9, 2012 Formal definition: Gay (adj. ) merry: happy and carefree; brightly ornamental or colorful; homosexual. (n. ) A homosexual. (â€Å"gay†) Synonymous definition: Gay (syn. ) merry, lighthearted, joyful, cheerful, sprightly, jolly, happy, joyous, gleeful, jovial, colorful, bright. (â€Å"gay†) Negative definition: Gay (adj. ) unhappy, lacking color, heavyhearted Because of the literal definition of the word, people that are homosexual are often seen as â€Å"colorful† and â€Å"cheerful†. Etymological Definition: Gay (n) usually male, homosexual.In middle English, it meant â€Å"excellent person† â€Å"noble lady† â€Å"gallant knight† or â€Å"something gay or bright†; â€Å"ornament or badge† (â€Å"gay†)2 Stipulative definition: Gay (adj. ) being homosexual Illustrative definition: Two men walking down the street holding hands. Thesis statement: The meaning of the w ord gay has changed vastly over time, which today, can be offensive. Liz Schmidt Kate Brady English 101 October 9, 2012 The definition of the word â€Å"gay† has evolved greatly over time. What you consider â€Å"gay† today is definitely not what was considered â€Å"gay† 200 years ago, or even 50 years ago. 00 years ago, the word was used as a term of promiscuity. It was also used as a slang term to call someone a â€Å"young hobo. † (â€Å"gay†) Today, we use the word mostly as â€Å"homosexual† or referring to someone who is attracted to the same sex. At the same time, the younger age group of America is using the word â€Å"gay† as a way to express dislike toward something. A common way would be saying â€Å"that’s gay† when a friend tells them their team lost the game. This misuse of the word can often lead to offending the homosexual community. The meaning of the word †gay† has changed vastly over time, which today, can be offensive.How did the meaning of the word â€Å"gay† once turn from being â€Å"merry and happy† to â€Å"homosexual†? It all started around the 1630’s, when people often used it as both â€Å"splendid and showily dressed† and calling a brothel a gay house. It is believed that the word was used this way up until about the early 1900’s. The slang meaning (homosexual) began to appear in psychological writing in the late 1940’s. At first, the word was used solely among homosexuals themselves, by mostly male prostitutes referring to each other, but also female prostitutes. â€Å"gay-rights movement†) It seems to me that nobody ever really used the term as its true meaning â€Å"merry and happy†. However, there are songs in old musicals where they use it that way, so I guess that meaning wasn’t completely extinct. Although the â€Å"merry and happy† meaning of gay wasn’t really used a whole lot in the past, we do see the â€Å"bright and colorful† meaning in many Christmas songs. One well-known example is in â€Å"Deck the Halls†. The lyrics are â€Å"Don we now our gay apparel†; this most likely implies that they were dressed in bright colors.Without doubt, the word â€Å"gay† has a boundless history and has been used so many different ways in the past. A teenager walks into their favorite store, and immediately spots something they love. They see that the price is much more than they have currently, and furiously groans, â€Å"Fifty dollars? That’s gay! † When someone says â€Å"that’s gay† about something that they find just plain stupid, why don’t they just say â€Å"that’s stupid†? The improper use of this word may offend the homosexual community because it is a lot like calling them stupid. From my observation, this whole â€Å"that’s gay† thing started recently, wit hin the last few years.Mostly young people started saying it about nearly everything that they found idiotic. It’s not even homophobic people using the word this way, it’s anybody. It’s a bad habit that most people probably picked up from hearing others say it. However if you say it wrongly you may be seen as homophobic. How can there be a double meaning of both â€Å"homosexual† and â€Å"stupid† for the word â€Å"gay†? Imagine if instead of â€Å"gay† people said â€Å"that’s straight† about an object they didn’t like. Wouldn’t it be wrong, to basically call someone’s sexuality bad or stupid?It sounds silly, but the inappropriate usage of the word â€Å"gay† is implying that you think there is something wrong with being gay. It’s obvious that someone who is gay is going to be offended if they hear someone using the word the wrong way. They could take it as insulting, or they could ju st be a little annoyed. Either way, it’s not right. I once worked with a girl who was homosexual. Sometimes I would easily forget that she was in the room and catch myself saying â€Å"that’s gay† about something totally random. I never really noticed that it could be offensive until a co-worker said something to me.She asked me, â€Å"Don’t you know Emily’s gay? † When I said yes, she then told me that I should stop saying â€Å"that’s gay† in front of her. At this point, I felt really bad about it and definitely wanted to stop saying it completely. Saying â€Å"that’s gay† is such a bad habit of many young people. I guess Emily understood that it was just a bad habit for me, but not everyone will be that understanding. Furthermore, the word â€Å"gay† should be used solely for meaning â€Å"homosexual†. The other day, I was conversing with a friend about some news in the media. She had told me that Brad Pitt makes 250 million dollars in just one sitting.I laughed, and replied, â€Å"that’s gay. † After I said that I realized I should definitely stop saying that because it doesn’t even make any sense if you think about it. The meaning of the word â€Å"gay† shouldn’t be â€Å"stupid†, although it is for many people. The definition has changed greatly throughout the years, which may cause some people to take offense by it. Works Cited â€Å"gay-rights movement. † The Columbia Encyclopedia. 2008. Credo Reference. Web. 8 Oct 2012. â€Å"gay. † Webster’s Dictionary and Thesaurus. 1997. Print. â€Å"gay. † Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, 2012. Web. 8 Oct 2012.

The Definition of Falling Action in Literature

The Definition of Falling Action in Literature The falling action in a work of literature is the sequence of events that follow the climax and end in the resolution. The falling action is the opposite of the rising action, which leads up to the plots climax. Examples of Falling Action in Literature There are many examples of falling action in literature because almost every story or plot requires a falling action to reach a resolution. Most storylines, whether in a memoir, novel, play, or movie have a  falling action that  helps  the plot progress toward its end. If you see some titles here that you recognize, but havent read them yet, then beware! These examples contain spoilers.   Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, by J.K. Rowling, the falling action occurs after the climax of Professor Snapes apparent hex upon Harry during the Quidditch match. Harry, Ron, and Hermione learn about the Sorcerers Stone, then Voldemort attacks Harry in the Forbidden Forest, and Harry faces Professor Quirrell and Voldemort. Little Red Riding Hood Another example of falling action can be found in the folk tale  Little Red Riding Hood. The story reaches its climax when the wolf announces that he will eat the young protagonist. The series of events that happen after this conflict to lead to the resolution are the falling actions. In this case, Little Red Riding Hood screams out, and woodcutters from the forest come running to the grandmothers cottage. The story isnt yet resolved, but these falling actions are leading to its resolve.   Romeo and Juliet   A final example is slightly less obvious, depicted in the classic play  Romeo and Juliet  by William Shakespeare. After the climactic moment in the play, following the point when Romeo kills Tybalt, the falling action indicates that the plot is headed toward a sad, but unavoidable, resolution. Juliets feelings are confused between her love for her new secret husband, who is banished from Verona and mourning her beloved cousin who just died by Romeos hand. The combination of confused emotion and distance ends up strengthening  the couples assumption that they can never be in a relationship that is approved by their families.

Personal reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Personal reflection - Essay Example Much like what Gelb has said on his book, curiosity in the first step to genius. This is a trait that I possess. I am not easily fazed when there is a daunting task ahead. Instead, I try to keep calm and assert what needs to be done and in how things must be done. It is also the multifaceted approach to personal improvement that is discussed in ‘Quantum Leadership.’ Along with the changes in our society, there must also be the simultaneous change in the approach to leadership. â€Å"The leader’s role is to engage with the unfolding reality, perceive it, note its demands and implications, translate it for others and then guide others into action to meet the demands of a reality not quite present† (Porter-OGrady & Malloch, 2010). There had been times when I had been propelled to assume the role of the leader and take charge in having to complete a task given. As a group we had been given projects where there is research that must be accomplished. While others would be satisfied on having to make do with what is at hand, I try to exhaust all the resources that are available and not pass a half-baked project. There are times when what is necessary is not easily found but it becomes even more of an accomplishment when the same is done. Trying out new things is another part of leadership that I think highlight one’s capability. Instead of constantly applying the same ideas, it is best to break the norm in order to test the waters to improve. There are so many available technologies that I try to incorporate in order to let others participate in all aspects of work. It is by experience that I appreciate, together with others I worked with, that information is important to maintain a harmonious relationship . The availability of different modes makes this easier that there is no longer an

Salem Witch Trials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Salem Witch Trials - Essay Example The fear that swept through the colony would in today's time be irrational but during this era of Puritanism it was a balanced and bona fide response. Puritans believed that the devil offered material recompense for collusion with him. Some of the evidence used in the trials was spectral evidence whereby those who had been affected claimed they had seen the apparition of the person who had afflicted them. In order for this to happen the Devil, it was said, had to be given permission by the accused to use their shape when appearing before their victims. A minister who was involved in the trials, Increase Mather and other ministers wrote a letter to the courts of Salem insisting that spectral evidence alone should not be used to convict the accused. (Mather, 1693) During one trial the accused Mary Osgood in her defense stated "the Lord would not suffer it so to be, that the devil should afflict in an innocent persons shape". She talked about how the devil had offered her rewards for her collusion and whilst she had agreed was able to prove that actually her life had become worse since her involvement with Satan and therefore had never fulfilled any commitment made to him (Reis, 1997). Consequently her life was spared. It was the women who denied conspiracy with Satan that faced execution for witch craft and testified that they would gain absolution from God upon death due to their innocence. At Sarah Goods execution she proclaimed the following to the minister "I am no more a witch than you are a wizard and if you take away my life God will give you blood to drink" (Reis, 1997). During the trials the situation reached hysterical proportions and it is the sheer size of the occurrences of accusations that has warranted further investigation to create a rationale for the multitude of persecutions. Even during the trials the hysteria generated called some individuals to instigate an examination of possible alternatives to witchcraft. The initial accusations in Salem Village resulted with the testimony of Betty Parris, age 9, the daughter of Reverend Samuel Parris, the Puritan Minister of Salem during the trials, and her cousin Abigail Williams, age 11, the young girls began having fits that were said to be "beyond the power of epileptic fits or natural disease to effect" (Hale, 1697). Other women in the village also began to display similar symptoms shortly after. The women accused of affecting the girls through the powers of witchcraft were Sarah Osborne, Sarah Good and a female slave called Tituba who was indentured to the Parris family. Sarah Osborn was marri ed to one of her own servants and rarely attended church, Sarah Good was renowned for begging and asking for shelter and Tituba had a different background to that of Puritanism. The girls had accused Tituba of witchcraft and she was consequently beaten into a confession that she was indeed a witch. Due to these three individuals hardly measuring up to being what would have been deemed at the time as respectable members of the Puritan community they were obvious suspects for the rituals of witchcraft. However it wasn't long before upstanding and often influential members of their community began being accused

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Immigration - Essay Example African countries have been the world’s leading source of immigrants for centuries. As Okome (2005) states, the ceaseless civil wars, communal riots, famine and military sabotage in African countries including Ethiopia, Nigeria, Liberia, Democratic Republic of Congo and Sierra have been providing the world with thousands of refugees every year. Among these, a major portion is accommodated by the US. Nigerian civil war, Somalia conflict, Liberian civil war and the Eritrean-Ethiopian war also caused intense immigration to western countries and to the US (Okome, 2005). Since religious and ethnic conflicts have increased more than ever before, people in many parts of the world are under the threat of anytime forced migration. In other words, ‘ethnically and politically divided states, unstable and corrupt governments and political systems, and dictatorships, lack of civility, increased lawlessness’ (Cox & Pawar (2005 p.277), are the major causes of forced migration. In addition, certain environmental factors also cause massive migration in various parts of the world. For instance, natural phenomena such as sea level rise, hurricanes and typhoons, drought, wildfire, heat waves, volcanoes, and earthquakes make millions of people ecological refugees every year. Furthermore, governments’ infrastructure projects such as building of dams, roads or tourist resorts often demand forced migration. World Bank estimates that 90 million people were displaced in the 1990s as a result of infrastructure projects (Digby B, 2001p.167). Therefore a few causes of immigration such as globalization, financial policies, and infrastructure modification are closely associated with global change. The recent developments like globalization and the subsequent economic growth and downfalls also contributed to the extraordinary level of migration. Obviously, Globalization exposed a new world of opportunities to the people of African Continent and

The Serena Group and Its Personnel System Assignment

The Serena Group and Its Personnel System - Assignment Example The group has approximately five thousand employees working in various departments. For efficiency of service, the industry has various departments where employees are deployed (Tanke, 2009). In its operation, the industry operates under Tourism Promotion Service (TPS). The industry has three major departments: food and beverage, accommodations, and travel and tourism. These departments are managed by the general manager. Executive committees are under the general manager. These are the Executive Housekeeper, Front office manager, food and beverage manager, chief engineer controller, room division manager, chief chef, personnel manager and marketing manager. These staff members work congruently in all the branches. Below the executive committees are the heads of different sections. These are the restaurant managers, room service manager, banquet manager, security guest relation accountant, horticulturist preventive maintenance manager, cashier, reservation manager stewards, laundry m anager and the bar manager. All these employees work in ensuring that their customers get the best services. Â  Although the industry has exceptionally shown outstanding performance, it has internal challenges that are facing. One of the distinct challenges is the high turnover ratio. Most of the employees lay off their duties haphazardly due to the nature of the work they do or for other reasons. Although every workplace has its challenges, hospitalities industries, more so, Serena group has high turnover rates due to the following: Â  Most of the luxury hotels, if not all, depending on the tourists and travelers for their operation. As the tourists travel across the continents, they exploit on these luxurious hotels for their meals, accommodations and stay.

Defining Collaborative Planning Forecasting And Replenishment Commerce Essay

Defining Collaborative Planning Forecasting And Replenishment Commerce Essay In manufacturing and retail, poor inventory control can lead to overstocking as a result of bad forecasting, this over stocking is called buffer inventory or safety stock which can lead to waste and inefficiency. In 1996 about $700 of the $2.3 trillion retail supply chain inventory was in safety stock. That is, almost 30% was tied up due to waste and inefficiency.(Lambert, Stock, 2001) Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR), is a business process using an internet based business model, as shown in figure 1. This model takes a holistic approach to information exchange and supply chain management between trading partners, by using a standard set of business processes in order to improve supply chain efficiencies, and is seen as a replacement to the old approach of electronic data interchange (EDI) (Fliedner, 2003). The objective of CPFR is to share data on a central web server that all of the trading partners can access to enable a more reliable forecast for long term future demand in the supply chain, this eliminates the problems associated with EDI such as: supply partners manually entering identical data in their records (Joachim, 1998), and the EDI process typically being done in batch transfers which can further add to delays in information (Cooke, 1998) etc. History of CPFR CPFR began in 1995 with the company Wal-Mart and was originally called C-FAR for collaborative forecasting and replenishment. The acronym has evolved into CPFR standing for collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment. Wal-Mart found that the pharmaceutical company Warner-Lamberts in-stock averages were not up to par with Wal-Marts vendor performance standards. Wal-Mart, along with Warner-Lambert, Surgency (formerly Benchmarking Partners), and two software companies, SAP and Manugistics, launched an effort to define a process that would link customer demand with replenishment needs through the entire supply chain. The pilot focused on stock of Listerine mouthwash kept in stores. The group first tested the collaborative concept on paper, and then demonstrated in a computer lab that the Internet could be used for the information exchange. The results of the test were: Warner-Lamberts in-stock averages rose from 87% to 98%. Lead times dropped from 21 to 11 days, and sales increased by $8.5 million over the test period-even though the pilot was limited to one Warner-Lambert manufacturing plant and three Wal-Mart distribution centres. (free-logistics.com, 2010) Case study: West Marine Today West Marine is the largest boating-supply retail chain in the United States, with a product range of more than 50,000 products selling throughout more than 400 company owned retail stores, as well as their retail catalogue, generating annual average sales of $690 million. The company was founded in 1968 by Randy Repass as a mail-order firm selling to boating enthusiasts, and opened its first retail store in Palo Alto, California in 1975, three years later, the company created a separate sales channel to commercial customers such as boat yards and boat dealers. In 1997 West Marine a 73 store operation at the time acquired one of their East Coast competitors, EB Marine a 63 store operation. The consequences of the acquisition became quickly apparent: Sales fell by almost 8 percent, and peak-season out-of-stock levels raised more than 12 percent compared to the prior year, and after six years of steady growth, net income dropped from $15 million in 1997 to just over $1 million in 1998. (Highbeam Research, 2006) The main contributing factor of this was that following the transaction, West Marine discovered that internal EB operations were in worse condition than expected. The investment group that had been running EB had let the companys infrastructure deteriorate and inventories dwindle. This further compounded the acquisition by adding to the problem that it took six months to implement the most basic of systems integration due to the poor infrastructure, leading to stock outs within the stores. West Marines first impulsive reaction was to rebrand all the EB stores convert them to West Marines products and pricing, West Marines CEO John Edmondson (who was brought in after the acquisition to execute a company turn around) said regarding the acquisition, West Marine bought EB because it was different and unique. Then, they turned all the stores into West Marine stores and locked out the customer base. Adding to this Bruce Edwards (West Marines senior VP of store operations) said, We created a lot of damage to both chains, as well as losing ground on comparable sales as a combined organization. (Standford, Graduate School of Business, 2005) How West Marine Turned the Company Around In order to turn the company around after the acquisition Edmondson identified four supply chain problem areas: the distribution centres (DCs), transportation, replenishment, and the systems supporting these operations; his solution to these problems was to implement a CPFR programme. The first thing as part of West Marines CPFR programme was implement an aggregate ordering or multi-echelon replenishment process. A multi-echelon system is defined as A series of two or more production or supply facilities where any change in policy parameters of one facility affects the other facilities, either directly or indirectly.(Gopalakrishnan, 2004). According to (Standford, Graduate School of Business, 2005) prior to the implementing of the multi echelon system West Marine were using JDAs Merchandise Management System (MMS). The MMS was interfaced with the companys point-of-sale system in the stores (also provided by JDA) to keep track of basic inventory levels and product sales at the store level. West Marine also used JDAs Warehouse Management System (WMS) as the software engine for its distribution centre (DC) operations. As well as these systems West Marine also made use of JDAs advanced forecasting tools, both Advanced Store Replenishment (ASR) and Advanced Warehouse Replenishment (AWR). The problem with these systems was that while they were good on their own, none of the systems had the ability to directly interact with each other leading to extensive duplicate work and maintenance. At the time no software provider offered a fully integrated solution, it was left to West Marine as well as Matt Henderson a systems engineer and integrator from the San-Francisco based software company Amigo Inc. to design a system that integrated linkages between the point of sale systems to the DC systems. The system they designed was the first true multi echelon system in the retail sector. (bisg.org, 2005)The way in which West Marine implemented their multi echelon replenishment solution was to integrate data from the retail stores and warehouses with relation to seasonal forecasts, promotions and stock levels, enabling suppliers to deliver more accurate, on time orders to satisfied customer demands. West Marines multi-echelon replenishment solution resolves the store-warehouse disconnect. Warehouse replenishment immediately responds to all store-level overstocks and understocks. Similarly, all promotions and store level assortment changes are planned in the store system, and warehouse replenishment immediately responds to them. The solution eliminates duplicate forecasting tasks and creates more accurate supplier-order forecasts. (Reed Business Information, 2006) The West Marine multi echelon system is shown in figure 2. C:UsersAmyElizabethDesktopSCM0654WESTERN2.gif SUPPLIER INTERGRATION The next problem that West Marine encountered was to get its suppliers to buy into the idea of CPFR. In order to address this problem West Marine introduced a pilot program with 12 handpicked companies that were major suppliers to West Marine, that all had previous issues with their supply chains in some form. To these companies West Marine laid out specific performance levels and expected goals, although no formal written agreements were created each company was expected to comply to the performance standards. For the suppliers that joined West Marines supply pilot there was no capital investment outlay in technology, they were only required to designate recourses to act as counterparts to West Marines supply chain merchandise planners. With this set in place West Marine began sharing its forecasts on a weekly basis with its vendors, as a weekly update report on vendor performance. There was also the introduction of weekly meetings with cross functional teams made up of members from all the organisations involved, in order to discuss potential improvements as well as to maintain a holistic integrated perspective on each vendor relationship. The results of the CPFR programme were; in stock rates at the stores came close to the goal of 96 percent in every store, even during peak season. Forecast accuracy climbed to approximately 85 percent. On-time shipments, on the other hand, were improving but only reached 30 percent against a stated goal of 90 percent in 2002. However, West Marine expected them to climb to at least 50 percent by the end of 2003. (Standford, Graduate School of Business, 2005). Even after the pilot programme with the evidence to back up that CPFR works, West Marine still had problems getting supplies to buy into the CPFR programme, West Marines solution to this was to offer its suppliers an incentive in the form of a guarantee. This guarantee was that based on the forecasts, West Marine promised to purchase one hundred percent of the forecasted stock. This meant that if there were any errors in the system, then West Marine would bear the brunt as a result. It was this action that was responsible for convincing and instilling vendor trust in West Marines CPFR forecasts. The knock on effects of having the suppliers buy into West Marines CPFR programme were that the company were able to use their demand forecasts to stream line their shipping and receiving activities. The forecasts enabled West Marine to maximise efficiency in its inbound and out bound shipments and to use its dock space more effectively, in turn allowing West Marine to smooth demand spikes. Conclusion In conclusion as the evidence shows in both the Wal-Mart pilot programme and the West Marine case study CPFR is a powerful logistics stock forecasting tool http://www.free-logistics.com/index2.php?option=com_docmantask=doc_viewgid=268Itemid=26 http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-145836210.html http://www.lomag-man.org/cpfr_industrie_achat_distribution/documentation_cpfr/WestMarineA_CPFRSuccStorySupChManReManNet_an.pdf http://www.stanford.edu/group/scforum/Welcome/White%20Papers/Multi-Echelon%20Inventory%20Optimization%20-%20Evant%20white%20paper.pdf Gopalakrishnan, P., 2004. Handbook of Materials Management, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:1UbbYNftcc8J:www.bisg.org/docs/West_Marine_Case_GS-34_FINAL_092704.doc+matt+henderson+amigo+inc+cpfrcd=2hl=enct=clnkgl=uksource=www.google.co.uk